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Showing posts with label Snow. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Snow. Show all posts

Tuesday, 22 March 2011

“Each Street Lamp is Crowned with a Nightcap of the Purest Fleece”: Or: A Snowy Day in 1850’s London:

I Tweeted a few days ago that I had just read the best description of Victorian London on a snowy day that I was ever likely to come across in the 1857 novel;
“Paved with Gold, Or, the Romance and Reality of the London Streets: An Unfashionable Novel” By Augustus Mayhew, older brother of the famous Henry Mayhew.

If you can get hold of a copy of this book then I recommend doing so if you like Victorian novels, I have not read the whole thing yet, but what I have read so far is excellent. If the only 19th century books you’ve read are by Dickens, then give this a try.

Anyway, I decided - although it is slightly un-seasonal - to put the beginning paragraphs of the second chapter (in which Mayhew describes snowy London) here. Hopefully, you enjoy it as much as I do:

Chapter II: Frozen out:

“It was a bitter winter's day we have said. The snow had fallen thickly during the night, whilst all London was asleep, and the early waker in the suburbs, as he lay in his bed wondering what made the road so still and the morning light so bright, heard the song of the market carter, that without the rumble of a wheel he had traced creeping from the distance, cease suddenly, and followed by a cry of
"Here, police! Come along, look sharp!" Then, as his curiosity sent him shivering to the window, he saw in the dawn the black, steaming horse stretched at full length upon the white roadway, kicking up the powdery snow like foam, with the carter leaning on its neck, and the piles of green cabbages in the cart all dabbed with flocks of snow.

On the other hand, the heavier sleeper in the town was roused out of his last nap by the sound of shovels scraping harshly on the pavement, as if a hundred knife-grinders were at work in the street; and others, who dozed still later, had their dreams abruptly cut in two by some dozen cadgers from the nearest low lodging-house, who, with a frost-tipped bit of green stuff raised on a pole, were all shouting together, at the top of their voices, "Poor froze-out gard'ners poor froze-out gard'ner!"

Truly there is hardly a more startling sight than to wake up and find the town, which yesterday was black with its winter's coat of soot and dirt, suddenly changed to a city of almost silver beauty, seeming as if it were some monster capital at the Polar regions, glittering with its glacial architecture, and bristling with its monuments, pinnacles, and towers, like so many palaces and temples hewn out of ice.
Every house-top seems to be newly thatched with the virgin flocks, and every cornice striped as if with a trimming of the fairest down. All the verandahs are white as a tent-top, and the railings look as if made out of pith rather than ironwork; every window-sill, and, indeed, the least ledge on which the foamy powder can lie, is thick and bulging with its layer of alabaster-like particles. On each doorstep is spread the whitest possible mat, and each street-lamp is crowned with a nightcap of the purest fleece, whilst the huge coloured lamps over the chemists' seem gaudier than ever, and their blue and red bulls'-eyes look like huge gems set massively amid lumps of frosted silver.

The various signs over the tradesmen's shops are nearly blotted out by the drift that has clung to them. The monster golden boot above the shoemaker's is silvered over on the side next the wind; the "little dustpans" are filled with a pile of white fluff; the golden fleece, hanging over the hosiers' shops, seems to have changed its metallic coat for one of the purest wool; the three balls at the pawnbroker's appear to have been converted into a triad of gelder-roses; and the great carved lions and unicorns between the first- floor windows of the royal tradesmen, have huge dabs of snow resting on their necks, like thick, white, matted manes.
The surface of the earth itself is white as a wedding-cake. In the roadway, in the early morning, you can count the traffic by the ruts the wheels have made, for every one leaves behind it a glistening trail as if some monster snail had crawled along the way. What a change, too, has token place in the tumult of the busiest thoroughfares! The streets that formerly deafened you with their noise are now hushed as night, and everything that moves past is silent as an apparition. Even the big clots of snow that keep on falling from the copings and the lamps and trees startle you, from the utter absence of all sound, as they strike the earth. The wheels of the heaviest carts seem to be muffled, and roll on as if they were passing over the softest moss. The horses go along with their hoofs spluttering where the trodden ground has been caked into slipperiness, and the drivers walk at their head, with their hand upon the rein, while the nervous, timid brutes steam with the unusual labour, and their breath gushes down from their nostrils in absolute rays of mist.

It is at this period, too, that the ice-cart makes its appearance in the streets. The costermonger who can no longer drive his trade at the green-markets, now looks to the ponds for a living, and comes to town with a load of transparent splintery fragments, that seem like jagged pieces of broken plate-glass windows. The omnibuses have an extra horse put on when they reach the metropolitan hills, for the snow in the roads has long before mid-day been rolled into ice, and the highways are like a long, broad slide. To accommodate the outsides, hay has been wound round the stepping-irons, and the gents on the "knife-board," along the roof of the first busses, appear with thick railway-rugs tucked round their knees, whilst, at the different halting-places, the conductor jumps down and stamps on the pavement, as lie does a double-shuffle to warm himself, flinging his arms across his chest, and striking the breast of Isis top-coat with the same energy as if he were beating a carpet.

Snow or sunshine, London work must be done; but now the mechanics and clerks that you meet in the streets go along with their heads down and their hands in their pockets, at a half-trotting pace. Their necks are bound round with thick wisps of comforters, and the tips of their noses, that overhang the worsted network, are red, as if tinselled, and all sniff and cough, as they carefully dodge by the round iron plates over the coal-holes of the metropolis. The pavement in front of the bakers' shops is the only place from which the snow has entirely disappeared, and where the pedestrian can tread with safety. The whole town seems to swarm with boy and men sweepers, who go about from house to house, knocking at the doors, and offering to clear the pavement before the dwelling, according to Act of Parliament, for twopence. Everybody you meet has the breast of his great-coat and hat-rim dredged with white; and the police-man's shiny cape is, with its fur of snow, more like a nobleman's ermine tippet than the ordinary hard-weather costume of the force.

How bright the air, too, seems with the light reflected from the snow. You can see to the end of the longest streets like on an early summer morning. There is a white, cold look about the scene; and everything seems so black from the contrast of the intense glare of the ground, that even at noonday you might fancy that a silver harvest moon was shining in the skies, and that the snow itself, lying on one side of each object, was but the reflexion of the pale brilliance of the white beams falling on them.
The sky looks almost like a dome of slate, and the parks and squares like large new plaster models of countries without a single path or bed to be traced, except where the few passengers have worn a narrow dirty streak across them. The trees, too, are all ashy grey, and the objects in the distance seem to be twice as near as usual, while the dark specks of the people moving over the great snowy waste appear like blots on a sheet of paper.
The statues throughout the metropolis have lost all artistic modelling in their form, and strike one as being as rudely fashioned as if they were so many figures moulded by schoolboys out of snow.

 Some, however, are merely speckled with the flakes, and have their Grecian draperies splashed over with white, like a plasterer's clothes. Sir Robert Peel, gazing down Cheapside, looks as if some miller had rubbed violently up against him. Old Major Cartwright, seated in his arm-chair in Burton-crescent, has at least a couple of pounds of snow resting on the top of his skull and dabbed over his face, and giving him the appearance of having been newly lathered previous to having his head and cheeks shaved. The periwig of George III., at Charing Cross, has turned white in a night, like the hair of Marie Antoinette. The mounted effigy of F. M. the Duke of Wellington, at Hyde Park-corner, continues, despite a spadeful of snow at the nape of his neck, to point with his baton-which is now white as a wax- candle-majestically in the direction of the White Horse Cellar, his patient steed having its hind-quarters covered with so heavy a deposit that his Grace seems to be sitting, like a life-guardsman, on a mat of bleached sheepskin.
Now the water-supply of the metropolis begins to be almost as scarce as in Paris; while the water-pipes of the more prudent of the householders are seen bandaged round with straw, like the wheel- spokes of a new carriage. The turn-cocks, with their shiny leathern epaulets, go along with their immense keys, like those of some monster beer-barrel, and erect tall wooden plugs for the temporary supply of the neighbours, who flock there with pails and pitchers, and wait in a crowd to take their turn at the tap, while the waste water gutters and hardens over the snow like so much grease.

 But if there be a scarcity of water, the public-houses, at least, have determined to make up for it, for in the windows are printed placards announcing that "HOT ELDER WINE" and "HOT SPICED ALE" may be had within. Taking advantage, too, of the "inclemency" of the weather, all kinds of warm comestibles suddenly appear on the street-stalls. The fish kettles, full of "hot eels" and "pea-soup," have a cloud of steam issuing from them, and the baked potato-cans are spurting out jets of a high-pressure vapour, like the escape-pipe to some miniature steam-factory. As you walk along the street, too, the nostrils are regaled by pleasant odours of baked apples and roasted chesnuts from the neighbouring stalls, at which sit old women in coachmen's many-caped coats, with their feet in an apple-basket, and a rushlight shade, full of red-hot charcoal, at their side-the fire shining in bright orange spots through the holes.

The pert London sparrows seem almost to have disappeared with the frost, and the few that remain have a wretched half-torpid look, and have gone all fluffy and turned to a mere brown ball of feathers. In the suburbs, the robins are seen for the first time leaving little trident impressions of their feet on the garden snow, and their scarlet bosoms looking red as Christmas berries against the white earth. Then as the dusk of evening sets in, and you see in the squares and crescents the crimson flickering of the flames from the cosy sea-coal fire in the parlours, lighting up the windows like flashes of sheet- lightning, the cold, cheerless aspect of the streets without sets you thinking of the exquisite comfort of our English homes.

 But if grateful thoughts of comfort are suggested by the contrast of the snow, the same cause leads the more imaginative to think of the sharp, biting misery gnawing into the very bones of the luckless portion of London society. To those who can put on warm flannel, and encase their bodies in a thick great-coat, a sharp frost means only "healthy, bracing weather," and to such people the long evenings are welcome, from a sense of the happy family circle gathered round the bright cherry-coloured fire. To the well-born young silver-spoonbills of the West-end, Christmas is a season of mirth and holiday games, of feasting, pantomimes, and parties. By the elder gentlefolks it is regarded as a time of good cheer, with its cattle-shows and "guinea-hampers," and presents of fat turkeys from the country; for such as these, the butchers' shops are piled with prize-meat, coated with thick fat, and decorated with huge cockades-for such as these, the grocers' windows are dressed out with dried fruits and spices, and studded with lumps of candied peel; and Covent-garden is littered with holly, laurel, and mistletoe, and fragrant with the odours of bright-coloured fruits.

 But how, think you, must the cold be welcomed by those whose means of living cease directly the earth becomes like cast-iron with the frost. How merry must Christmas appear to those whose tattered clothes afford no more protection than broken windows against the bleak, stinging breeze. How pleasant and cosy must the long evenings be to such as have to spend them crouching under the dry arches; and how delicious the sight of the teeming markets to poor wretches who, to stay their hunger, must devour the refuse orange-peel lying about the stones there.”

I can almost smell that hot spiced ale. Magic!

Wednesday, 1 December 2010

What the Victorians Thought of Snow

With many parts of the country battling to keep calm and carry on in the face of snowy conditions, I thought it would be pertinent to see how our Victorian ancestors coped with hazardous conditions, and what they thought of the snow when it hit them by scanning some old articles and letters from The Times.

I suspect after reading a couple of these, anybody in 2010 who felt aggrieved in the last few days to have been half an hour late for work because of a delayed train will perhaps think themselves lucky that their train was not delayed by nine hours and fifteen minutes…

Onto the articles first:

1860:
“Severe Snow Storms.
One of the most severe snow storms experienced in Hampshire for many years past occurred on Wednesday, and extended in an easterly direction along the whole of the south coast. The snow commenced to fall at 1 o' clock in the afternoon, and continued without intermission until half-past 4 on Thursday morning. The train from Salisbury which is due at Bishopstoke at 7.10 was upwards of an hour behind-time, and on arriving at Bishopstoke found that the up train from Weymouth and Southampton, after waiting for some time, had proceeded without it. A special train was then despatched with the London passengers, but on reaching the incline at Micheldever-bank, about a mile and a half from Micheldever Station, the ordinary train was discovered, with a heavy goods train before it, blocked up by the snow, which at that time (9 o'clock) was between two and three feet deep.
As it was impossible to move the goods train, the engine was unhooked, and cut its way through the snow to Micheldever in order to procure assistance, guards being despatched down the line with danger signals to prevent the approach of any other train.
On the goods engine reaching MicheIdever a telegram was sent to Basingstoke, 11 miles nearer London, and two pilot engines were promptly sent down, and a number of labourers to clear the way.

In many places the snow was found to have attained a depth of nearly five feet, and as the fire-box of the leading engine became choked up every few minutes it was found requisite to dig a passage for it before any progress could be made. Ultimately, after remaining stationary for nearly six hours, the goods trucks were taken in detail to Micheldever, the services of three engines being required to drag them forward.
Many of the passengers in the train behind were exceedingly alarmed by the delay, particularly as it was known that the up-mail train was almost due. Great credit, however, is due to the guards and other officials’ connected with the company for the exertions they made and for the precautions they took to prevent any accident.
The goods train was turned into a siding at Micheldever, and the passenger train drew up at the station at half-past 1, when its half-frozen occupants were enabled to obtain refreshments and warm themselves at a roadside public house a short distance from the line.

One unfortunate traveler, a Frenchman from Southampton, was found to be so ill from the cold and alarm he had experienced that he preferred remaining at Micheldever all night to the risk of a further exposure. The train, with three engines attached to it, proceeded upon its journey at 2 o'clock, but had not gone more than three miles when the fire boxes became choked up and a further stoppage took place. From this point to Basingstoke, about eight miles, the stoppages were incessant. The snow continued to fall very heavily, and at Intervals of about 100 yards the guards and labourers were compelled to cuit a passage. The train arrived at Basingstoke at half-past 4, and remained there for about half an hour until the mail train, which was two hours behind time, passed.
The remainder of the journey was accomplished without further obstruction, and, to the astonishment of the passengers, it was found no snow whatever had fallen between Woking and London. The train, which was due at the Waterloo station at five minutes past 10 on Wednesday night, arrived there at 25 minutes past 7 on Thursday morning, being nine hours and a quarter behind time.”
-         The Times December 21st 1860

1858:
Snow Storm.
Yesterday the metropolis and the country for many miles in all directions were visited by a severe storm of wind and snow, and, although the fall was less than has been experienced on previous occasions, it was continuous, and accompanied by so much wind that in same places it drifted to a considerable depth. To guard against the effects of the snow some of the omnibus and cab drivers provided themselves with veils. It will be seen from the following reports of the state of the different railways collected from official sources that the storm was in various parts of the country very severely felt.

Upon inquiry at the London and North-Western office it was ascertained that all the trains were running with fair regularity. One train from Edinburgh was about half an hour late, but the Manchester train due at 2.45 p.m. arrived to a minute. The guards reported a severe fall of snow at Diggle, and a considerable quantity in various parts of Yorkshire. Fortunately, however, the line had only suffered to a small extent. The Great Northern Line suffered somewhat severely, and in consequence of the snow having entirely blocked up the line at Grantham the traffic was sent by the loop, which prevented delay. The cuttings where the snow had drifted were principally of stone and rock, and the company worked short trains both north and south of the obstruction, by which means the traffic was carried on with comparatively little delay.

On the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire line, which is in connection with the Great Northern, the snow began to fall on Tuesday, and blocked up the line on that day to such an extent that the 5 p.m. express from Manchester was five hours behind its time. The mails yesterday morning were between two or three hours late and the goods train proportionately suffered.
The Edinburgh express arrived at King’s-Cross on Tuesday evening two and a half hours late; but the express to Edinburgh which left King's-Cross at 8.30 p.m. on Tuesday was understood to have arrived safely. At 3.56 yesterday afternoon a telegraphic message was received at King’s-Cross, stating that the whole of the line had been cleared, consequently the traffic will go on uninterruptedly.
The Great Western lie suffered very little. The trains arrived a little behind time and the guards reported snow all along the line, but not in considerable quantities. The London and South-Western also was but slightly affected. The trains were, of course, somewhat delayed, but no stoppage of any extent was experienced. On the occasion of previous snowstorms the Eastern Counties line suffered to a very considerable extent, and in the present instance a somewhat serious interruption in the ordinary traffic has taken place.
Yesterday morning the Norwich end of the Norfolk line and various points on the Eastern Union were entirely blocked, owing to the drift of snow into the cuttings. A large number of workmen were employed to clear the line to allow the morning mail to pass on its way to London. This desired end was at length achieved; but instead of arriving a few minutes after 4 a.m., the train did not reach Bishopsgate until after 7.

The various branches suffered more or less; some were entirely blocked; and so great had been the drift on the Sudbury and Harleston branches, the former 58, and the latter 106 miles from. London that they both remained blocked yesterday afternoon and no persons were booked from Bishopsgate for the places upon them. Although the snow had very little effect upon the South Eastern line, considerable delay took place in the arrival of the French mails, caused by the gale at sea preventing the steamboats entering the harbour. The mail boat should have arrived at Dover at 8 o'clock yesterday morning; but it was not until 9 minutes to 3 yesterday afternoon that a telegraphic message was received at London Bridge, stating that the vessel had just arrived. Some of the trains were somewhat behind time; but at no point on the line was there any considerable accumulation of snow.  

The snow did not impede the traffic on the London to Brighton; but in the course of yesterday telegraphic messages were received at London Bridge from Newhaven, Stating that the steamboat (Orleans) which should have left at 8 o'clock on Tuesday morning had not, owing to the gale on the coast then started; and that the Rouen, which should under ordinary circumstances have been despatched at 8 o'clock yesterday, had for the same reason been kept in the harbour.
The boats, however, would be sent as soon as the state of the sea justified that course. The neighbourhood of Rochester and Chatham was yesterday visited with a heavy fall of snow, which lasted without intermission for about 16 hours, accompanied by a cutting north-easterly wind. The hills and all the exposed lands are covered with snow to a depth, in some places, of several feet, while many of the raeds leading in from the country are blocked up and rendered impassable.
In many of the railway cuttings on the North Kent line the snow has drifted to a great depth, rendering the passage of the engines and trains extremely difficult. There has not been such a severe snow storm in Kent for several years past.”
-         The Times, March 4th 1858


Now, as a treat, (well, a treat to me anyway – I could read these all day) some letters to the editor from disgruntled citizens with regards to snow in various years.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES:
  Sir,-
Will you allow me to suggest a simple method for the removal of the snow in our streets? It is to construct large iron funnels of about 4ft or 5ft in diameter at the top and narrowing down to a 4in. pipe at the bottom. Place these over the gratings at the side of the street and light a coke fire round Them. You may then fill these funnels with snow, when it will melt and run into the drains as fast as the carts could bring the snow to the spot. Any number of these iron funnels could be used.
                                           I am, &c,
                                                       ALFRED. S. CHURCHILL.
16, Rutland-gate, S.W.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES:
Sir,-
The suggestion of Lord Alfred Churchill to get rid of snow by the application of heat is good, but the method he mentions would be of no use. A coke fire outside a funnel would not by any means cause the snow contained in it to melt as quickly as the carts could bring it to the spot.
The greater part of the heat would be lost by diffusion in the air. Few people but those who have studied the subject have any idea of the great absorption of heat by Snow in the act of melting. At the south-west corner of Portman square there is an apparatus at work which has recently been moved there from Cavendish square, where it was placed on the 27th ult. for the purpose of destroying large stocks of snow brought from neighbouring streets. The actual work done by it is to melt upwards of 60 cubic yards of snow per day at a cost for fuel of 6s. It would be worth while for any one interested in the question of snow removal to pay a visit to Portman square within the next few days before the banks of snow are destroyed.
               I am, Sir, Your obedient servant,
                                                                    F. LYON.
94 to 96, Harleyford road London, S.E. Jan 8

TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES:
  Sir,-
As the parish authorities seem to make no real effort to get rid of the obstruction caused by the snow, I think the public should be reminded that the vestry can be compelled to remove the snow within 24 hours after being served with a notice signed by a magistrate, the case being provided for by section 26 of the Act 5 and 6 William IV, cap. 50.
  I believe the magistrates in London require the complainant to attend in person before they will issue the required notices.
                                            I am, Sir, your obedient servant.
                                                                                   F. C. D. Smythe.
Cambridge gardens, W.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES:
  Sir,-
Allow me to mention another very bad consequence of throwing salt on snow - namely, that when boots and shoes become saturated with the pernicious brine it is scarcely possible to restore them to a dry and safe condition. The other day, staying in a favourite winter resort for invalids, I was grieved to see, after a snowfall, the pavements covered with this murderous freezing mixture, and I fear Professor Vernon-Harcourts letter may encourage the practice. If so, the laming of the poor dogs, mentioned by Mr Symons, may, probably not be the worst mischief done.
  Your obedient servant,
 (All above from Jan 1887)


1901
TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES
  Sir,-
I think it is high time to enter a vigorous protest against the slovenly and disgraceful way in which the City authorities pretend to dispose of the snow.
They seem to think that they have done all that is required of them if they liberally sprinkle salt over the footways and roadways and then leave the mixture to take care of itself. It is perhaps not generally known that salt and snow make a freezing mixture which is most unpleasant to the feet of pedestrians, and which also has a most destructive effect upon boot leather, and, in addition, tends to soften the hoofs of horses.
One would not feel so bitter upon the subject did the authorities follow up the sprinkling of the salt by promptly clearing away the filthy mess that results.
  But from my experience of the last two days in the City they seem to have no intention of doing this, and, an a ratepayer in the foremost city of the world, I shall feel grateful to you if you will find space for this protest, for I know that I am only giving voice to the very strong, feeling holding in the City amongst all who have found it necessary to walk through the streets on the last two days.
  Apart from the objectionable effects referred to, it is impossible to avoid being splashed from head to foot with this unpleasant mixture of salt and mud. It may cost rather more to employ gangs of men to remove the snow, but I feel quite confident that the rate-payers will willingly meet the very trifling additional cost that this would involve. I am sure that the men who are thrown out of work on account of this severe weather would be only too pleased to undertake the work.                     
Yours faithfully. W. P. ADAMS.
5 Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C., Jan. 8.

But the letter that probably best sums up my attitude to the snow (which brings the child out in me) is this, from a lady named Agnes Lambert, who felt compelled to stick up for the snow in this letter to The Times in 1891:

TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES:
Sir,-
  In these days of darkness and cold people are so engrossed with the miseries of life, and flock to you in such crowds to give voice to their groans, that I feel it will be almost impossible to win attention for anything out of harmony (or should I rather say, not in full discord?) with the gamut of grievance of which during the past week or two you have sounded nearly every note, from the shrillest cry of the odium theologicum and politicum down to the deepest bass of disgust at the perversity of mankind in out-Heroding Herod - I mean out-freezing the frost and making the snow in our streets more hateful than the falseness of political foes or the casuistry of fiscal philanthropists.
  Nevertheless, it is about the loveliness of one of these hated things, of the snow itself, that I want you to let me say just one word.
  Owing, I suppose, to the absence of wind and the stillness of the upper regions of the air, more than once during the recent snowfalls, instead of the fluffy, downy, shapeless (to the ordinary eye) snowflakes usual in this country, the snow has fallen in stellar forms of infinite and indescribable beauty, so that the air was thick with them, and any one walking out might with the naked eye have seen their coat sleeves, for example, covered with exquisite snow-flowers, as Professor Tyndall happily names them in his delightful work on "The Forms of Water". Describing these beautiful crystals in, perhaps, the most fascinating section of his book, the "Architecture of Snow," Professor Tyndall says:-
  "In the Polar regions these exquisite forms were observed by Dr. Scoresby, who gave numerous drawings of them. I have observed them in midwinter filling the air, and loading the slopes of the Alps. But in England they are also to be seen, and no words of mine could convey so vivid an impression of their beauty as the annexed drawings of a few of them, executed at Greenwich by Mr. Glaisher." Now, nearly all these marvellous forms drawn by Mr. Glaisher and reproduced by Professor Tyndall, together with many others equally beautiful, might have been seen yesterday by any one, in this neighbourhood at all events, without going outside the house. They fell on every window sill; and it was not even necessary to look at them through "magic glasses" to see their six-rayed stellar outlines. But if any one took the trouble to throw up the window and look at them through a pocket lens, then, at their leisure and protected to their heart's content against the cold, they could have enjoyed a vision of loveliness such as I certainly have not the power to describe. Not only were there the individual beauties of the varied and wonderful flowers as the crystals fell singly, but also the combined and intricate, multiform beauties of those that fell in groups or clusters, producing the effect of fairy forests of ferns and flowers and trees of surpassing delicacy and grace, gleaming and white as the purest diamond.
  It would be pleasant to know that many got such enjoyment out of the detestable snow that we have all been abusing so heartily - as good as turning the tables on a universal enemy.
                                                        I am, Sir, your faithful servant.
                                                                             AGNES LAMBERT. Milford-house, Elms-road, Clapham-common, S.W.