"With Regard to Cyclists and the General Traffic... We Can’t go on in the Present way Much Longer." Or: George R. Sims on Cycling in London in the 1890's:

2012 was a huge year for cycling in Britain, and in fact, with the London cycle hire scheme now a piece of the city furniture, cycling in the UK and the capital has never been more popular, and bicycles never more widely used.

This popularity, however, has thrown up a few problems. We are led to believe that since this boom in the popularity of two-wheeled motivation that there is a so-called war being raged between motorists and cyclists, with one camp claiming the other is a danger to their safety and vice versa. Other arguments exist claiming that London is an old city of tiny streets and alleys which are not big or wide enough to accommodate both bicycles and vehicles.

These arguments, however, are nothing new. In fact, they go back over a hundred years. Bicycles first became popular in the UK in the middle of the nineteenth century, but the humble bike as we know it can trace its roots back to the Draisienne – or ‘Dandyhorse’ of 1818. This was a wood and iron contraption which looked exactly like a bike, but had no pedals. Instead the user sat on the frame and pushed along the ground with their feet in a running or walking motion.

The Draisienne

In the 1840’s the world saw the first mechanically propelled bicycle, which was supposedly invented in Scotland, but this fact is much disputed. By the 1860’s there was a bit of a cycling mania, and indeed it was this era that saw the many forms of bicycle taking to the streets, from velocipedes with umbrellas and writing tables attached to them, to the familiar and typically Victorian Penny Farthing of the 1870’s.

With the popularity of these contraptions inevitably came naysayers who thought – just as people think today – that cyclists were a nuisance.

George R. Sims, in an interview with Cycle and Motor World magazine, gives his opinions on the problems with cyclists and cycling, and offers some ingenious and eccentric solutions:

"I won't keep you long." Said the CYCLE AND MOTOR WORLD interviewer.

"I wish you would," said Mr. Sims, "at present I have to keep myself. You must be careful as to what you make me say about cycling. I've no wish to smash up Dunlops, and puncture the whole trade, you know."

"Well, to begin with, there's the subject of cyclists and the general traffic of the streets. Then one is always hearing arguments on the questions of lights and -"

"You can't expect me to know anything about that," said Mr. Sims; the liver is my speciality, you know. With regard to cyclists and the general traffic - well, I think something will have to happen soon. We can't go on in the present way much longer. I have an idea that a system of little light bridges is the kind of thing we want in London. If they were built properly the general effect would be very pretty - something after the style of the willow pattern plate, you know. Then, when London was illuminated, it would be like fairy land, and the bridges would be of immense service, too."

Mr. Sims

"Everyone knows that you prefer driving to cycling,
Mr. Sims; don't you find cyclists rather a nuisance on the road?"
"No; they're much better than they used to be, and they're improving every day. I can't say that I like to see ladies riding through the City and hanging on to the sides of 'buses when there's a block; but then, they don't hurt me because I never drive in the City if I can possibly avoid it. There is one matter at least in which I am quite at one with the cyclists, and that is the careless way in which pedestrians use the roads. I scarcely ever go for a drive without having to pull up suddenly because someone has stepped off the pavement right under my horse's nose. The people who do that sort of thing never look where they are going or whether anything is coming along the road. It's simply ghastly the way they try to get smashed up... You were asking me about lights just now. Of course, every cart ought to carry a light, though there isn't so much danger in their not doing so as there is in a cyclist going about lampless in the dark. The ordinary brewers dray, for instance, can be heard a good distance off, and if it can't be heard it can at least be smelt. Well, I suppose the average cyclist is careful to avoid running into a brewer's dray. Still, I should like to see a light on every kind of conveyance after dark. I know that cyclists find the lighting regulations an awful nuisance sometimes: lamps get jogged out - and the usual consequences happen. Well, I have a new idea for a bicycle that shall not require a lamp at all. What about luminous paint? Paint your bicycle with luminous paint, and then the darker the night the brighter the light. And look how pretty they'd all be!"

Then we got onto the subject of cycling and journalism. Mr. Sims has a theory that no journalist, unless he be a cycling journalist, should ever think of riding a bicycle regularly.

"The ordinary working journalist hasn't time for what is called 'healthy excercise,'" said Mr. 
Sims. "I should say that cycling is more suitable for a man who writes three-volume novels, or one that turns out about two books a year and has plenty of time on his hands. The better our health is, the less we care to work our brains. All imagination is a disease, and it follows that the right way to cultivate the imagination is to make one's self as ill as possible. I have done no end of work when I have been absolutely unwell. If I took to cycling, I should probably not want to do anything else, and my body would get so well that my brain would suffer. I had a bicycle presented to me anonymously, but I don't ride it about here - only when I'm away and enjoying myself."

Cycling in Hyde Park

"Don't you think a ride in the morning helps to clear the brain?"

"Nothing of the sort. If a man wants to write, the best thing he can do is to go out and eat a heavy meal of underdone pork chops. Then, after he has smoked a clay pipe in a bad atmosphere, he ought to be able to turn out something good. The life of a literary man is more or less of a sacrifice. The great thing is to avoid the last straw."

"To come back to cycling, Mr. Sims, do you like to see dogs accompanying cyclists?"

"Certainly not in a crowded thoroughfare, and not on a country road unless the dog is physically capable of following a bicycle easily and has been trained to do so. A dog that runs with a cycle should be taught never to get in front of it. My Dalmatians are all trained to run behind my trap when I'm out - at least, they were before I had to muzzle them. I can't take them out now; they only sit down in the road and try to scratch their muzzles off. It's positively cruel to make a dog follow a bicycle in London. I know that up in the circle here (in Regent's Park), where everybody learns to ride, there is always some poor unfortunate dog who gets in the way - I hate to see it; in fact, I can't go near the place in consequence."

And then we fell to talking about all sorts of things, from bulldogs to "local colour," and Mr. Sims showed me a number of curios he possesses. Just as I was leaving, I discovered that although Mr. Sims is not a very enthusiastic cyclist, yet he has solved the great drink question. Cyclists are always wanting to know what is the best thing to drink. Mr. Sims can tell them, for his usual daily allowance of liquid refreshment is one cup of tea, drunk early in the morning.

                     - The Cycle and Motor World, January 1897

If the Mayor of London is reading this, perhaps the system of ‘little light bridges’ for cyclists is something that could be looked at today to end these so called road wars.

Perhaps not.

For more on George R. Sims, see a post I wrote on him and his poem ‘In the Workhouse, Christmas Day’ a few years ago here:

Getting Around London in 1901

More charming and helpful information for turn-of-the-century tourists to London from “Kron: The Little Londoner” the writer who loved a bracket or two. This time on the best ways on the best ways to get around London in 1901:

Underground Railways. – Underground London is crossed in all directions by tunnels for the trains (about 1400 daily on one City line) of the Underground (Metropolitan and District) Railways. The three Electric Railways leading to and from the heart of the City are also underground; two of them even pass under the Thames. A third underground electric line, the new Central London Railway, (opened in 1900), runs from the City (Liverpool Street) to Shepherd’s Bush, passing under the large thoroughfare of Cheapside, Oxford Street, Uxbridge Road.

Thames Steamboats. – Numerous steamboats ply on the Thames, of course, weather permitting. The fares are very low (½ d. to 2d.) London Bridge is the point of departure. The boats as a rule call at all the piers.

Tramways. – Trams* are not permitted within the City of London; nor in the West End; but they are very popular in the other parts. Like railways, they run on iron rails laid on the road-way of the streets. We distinguish electric trams (also called motor cars, moved by electricity), steam- trams (drawn by steam-engines), and horse-trams (drawn by horses driven by a driver – some are drawn by mules). The London tram-cars have seats inside and outside (or on the top); standing on the platform is forbidden. The conductor collects (or receives) the fares, asking for them by a set phrase: “Fares, please!” In London, the fare is the same for inside and outside (or top) seats. Every passenger gets a small ticket on which are marked the amount for the fare, and the distance he rides. Many people prefer riding on the top; here you have the advantage of seeing more of the traffic, the air is far fresher, and you may smoke if you feel inclined.

*Tram is an old Teutonic word meaning “log of wood, beam”; the tram-road was at first a log-road on which (miner’s) tracks were pushed or drawn along.

Omnibuses (or Buses) are much the same as the tram-cars; only they do not run on rails, and are, as a rule, drawn by two horses. Most of the ‘buses have special names. The fares and tickets are like those of the trams. On the so-called “pirates” or “pirate- buses” (belonging to private proprietors), the passengers receive no ticket, and are asked a higher fare than is usual; they are simply robbed of their money by the conductors who pocket the balance (or excess charged), and therefore keep hailing (or inviting) passers-by to get in. there is a tariff (or table of fares) inside every omnibus.

The “rule of the road” for all vehicles is to keep to the left; passengers will therefore have to wait for the ‘bus or tram on the left side of the street which they intend to take. When all seats are taken (or engaged), the ‘bus or tram is said to be “full up”; often it is only “full inside”.

Coaches. – in fine weather, elegant coaches, frequently driven by their owners, run from London to various places in the vicinity (e.g. to Richmond , Kew &c.). The fares are rather high.

Cabs, &c. – When in a hurry, I take a cab (or two-wheeler), or a four-wheeler – the latter in case I have much luggage. The London cabs are called hansoms  from (the name of) the inventor. They are usually open in front, and have the driver’s seat elevated behind. The fares are reckoned by distance (or by journey), unless the cab is expressly hired (or taken) by time (or by the hours) The London cabmen (colloquially: cabbies) are good whips, that is to say, they are noted for their skilful and fast driving. Motor cabs (or electric cabs, electromobile cabs) are hardly to be seen about the London streets.

Cycling. – The (bi)cycle (or wheel, machine) nowadays is the most popular of all means of locomotion in every grade of society, and for both sexes. There are two kinds of cycles, viz., the bicycles (having 2 wheels), and the tricycles (having 3 wheels). Among the former, the most popular machine is the safety (-bicycle), the wheels of which are (nearly) of equal height. Safeties for ordinary use are called roadsters, those for racing, racers. There are also junior (i.e. boys’ and girls’) machines. The tricycle is in particular favour with (or among) elderly wheelmen. Another kind of cycle is the tandem, a 2- or 3-wheeled machine for 2 or more persons, in which one rider sits behind the other. – The principal parts of a cycle are the wheels with tangent spokes, the framework, saddle, pedals (i.e. cranks and treads), chain, handle-bars, brake, mud-guards, gear-case, bell, lamp, and tool-bag. The wheels have tyres (also spelt tires) of India-rubber; hollow pneumatic tyres filled with air are most in favour they are filled by means of a small air-pump. Solid and cushion tyres are no longer up-to-date. – Chainless cycles and motor-cycles are the latest novelties.